This examination explores the dynamics of how Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies contribute to customer retention in systematically organized retail venues in Bengaluru, integrating mediation and moderation lenses. Utilizing data from 600 retail patrons and employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression, the inquiry scrutinizes the mediating functions of customer experience and customer satisfaction, alongside the moderating function of customer loyalty. The analysis highlights that CRM strategies do not significantly drive customer retention directly; instead, their influence is completely directed through better customer experiences and elevated satisfaction levels. Robust CRM methods substantially upgrade customer relations, which ultimately enhances satisfaction and fosters stronger retention outcomes. Also, the role of customer fidelity is vital in the CRM-retention context, with the advantageous results of CRM strategies being much more significant for customers who are very loyal. The detailed model highlights that 48 percent of the changes in customer retention stem from the vital connection between experience, satisfaction and loyalty, crucial for understanding retention dynamics. The analysis points out the vital role retail operators must play in utilizing CRM methods that aim to optimize consumer journeys and promote satisfaction, all while utilizing loyalty schemes to reinforce retention plans. The inquiry contributes to CRM literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of the mediation–moderation processes that propel customer retention in the organized retail sector

The rapid expansion of platform-based and other nontraditional work arrangements has reconfigured employment structures, flattened hierarchy levels, and introduced new sources of strain for workers across gig ecosystems. Although existing research has examined gig workers’ experiences, particularly issues related to algorithmic management, precarity, and health, limited scholarly attention has been directed toward the well-being of individuals who assume supervisory or leadership responsibilities within gig and flexible work environments. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, the Job Demands–Resources model, Person–Environment Fit theory, and boundary management theory, this paper argues that psychological need fulfilment may serve as a central mechanism linking gig work conditions to well-being outcomes for gig-based supervisors. Further, we theorize that work-arrangement fit and boundary conditions may operate as meaningful moderators that either strengthen or weaken these relationships. The paper outlines practical implications for designing sustainable gig-based leadership structures and presents several testable propositions to guide future empirical research.

Over the years, post-production in Indian cinema has undergone significant transformation, largely influenced by the evolving strategies through which films engage with audiences. Digitalization has permeated all three stages of filmmaking—pre-production, production, and post-production—yet the post-production stage has been most impacted due to its vast scope for creativity and audience engagement. This digital shift has redefined not only the technical aspects of film production but also the modes of promotion and marketing. In the context of Indian cinema, these changes are particularly noteworthy, given the scale and transnational reach of the industry. This research investigates how the promotional stage a part of the post-production process in Indian cinema has been reshaped by digital technologies, thereby rendering the process more creative and aligned with principles of sustainability. The study further examines the promotional dimensions of post-production in recent Hindi films, analysing them through the dual lens of sustainability and creativity. This study seeks to examine the dynamics of digital transformation in the context of Bollywood film promotions, with specific reference to three recent blockbusters: Brahmāstra (2022), Pathaan (2023), and Chhaava (2025). The research investigates in detail the promotional strategies employed for these films, with the objective of analyzing how they integrate sustainable practices while simultaneously redefining the role of audiences—from passive consumers to active participants and responders. The findings suggest that India’s cinematic ecosystem demonstrates a unique synergy between digitalized marketing strategies and sustainable practices, while simultaneously achieving the commercial success that continues to define the industry.

This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of two decades of research on how corporate governance mechanisms influence corporate risk disclosure, addressing longstanding inconsistencies by examining the moderating role of institutional environments across developed and emerging markets. Using PRISMA (2020) and Torraco’s (2005) integrative review approach, 95 peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2000 and 2024 were systematically identified and assessed using explicit quality criteria (Q1/Q2 Scimago, AJG 2021). Governance variables, disclosure measures, and theoretical frameworks were coded and synthesized into five thematic domains: board structure, CEO duality, ownership concentration, governance committees, and the disclosure–performance nexus. The review reveals substantial variation in prior findings, driven largely by differences in institutional enforcement, regulatory effectiveness, and ownership concentration. To reconcile these contradictions, the paper proposes an Integrative Institutional–Governance Framework that distinguishes between symbolic (compliance-driven) and substantive (quality-enhancing) disclosure outcomes and presents testable propositions for future research. The study advances the literature by integrating agency, legitimacy, and signaling theories within an institutional perspective and reconceptualizes risk disclosure as a co-produced outcome of governance mechanisms and institutional conditions rather than a standalone transparency measure

This study investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) affects people’s intention to make environmentally friendly (green) purchases. This study based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by adding two new factors: Trust in AI and Environmental Attitude. The research investigates how perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and trust in AI influence consumers’ green purchase intention, with environmental attitude acting as a mediating factor. A quantitative methodology with cross sectional research design were adopted for data collection and analysis. Data were collected from 394 online shoppers in Kozhikode district, Kerala, using a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. The participants were chosen using purposive sampling. Present study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with Smart PLS 4 software to test the relationships between the variables. The results confirm that PEOU, PU, and trust in AI significantly influence green purchase intention and environmental attitude plays a significant partial mediating role. The findings show that people are more likely to make eco-friendly (green) purchases when AI tools are easy to use, trustworthy, and add real value. The study offers useful insights for businesses and policymakers. They can use these insights to create AI-enabled strategies that build consumer trust, encourage positive attitudes toward the environment, and increase green purchasing intentions. This helps support sustainable development goals

This study looks at how much blue-collar workers in India know about and use social welfare programs. Blue-collar workers, who often work in unorganised or semi-organized sectors, are usually the main people who benefit from government welfare programs. There are many programs that workers can use, such as health insurance, pension plans, housing benefits, and job benefits, but many workers still don't know about or understand their rights. The goal of the research is to find the main social, economic, and informational barriers that make it hard for people to get involved and access. The study uses a combination of surveys and interviews with workers in the manufacturing, construction, and service industries to look at how aware people are, where they get their information, and how they actually use it. The results show that there is a big difference between the reach of policies and their effects on the ground. This is mostly because people aren't educated enough, there aren't enough ways to communicate, and there are too many bureaucratic obstacles. The study ends with suggestions for policies that will make things easier for this vulnerable workforce, raise awareness, and make sure that these policies are carried out

Manjula Padmanabhan is the only writer in the field of Indian drama who wrote in English at the time when most parts of Indian stage were dominated by men and which centered on domestic realist matters. Her plays are not conformable, being set about with dystopian futurist possibilities, monstrous violence, crude displays of human barbarity. What is unique about Padmanabhan work is her ability to dramatize social and political problems by mere coincidence: family barely making ends meet in the commoditized world in Harvest (1997), or a park of affluent neighbors witnessing a woman being raped on the street in Lights Out (1986). Both plays put women in their positions as silent and compelled and unseen. But it is ironic that these women, Jaya of Harvest and Leela of Lights Out transform no speech into a speech. They do not protest resoundingly politically, but by not fulfilling the roles that the patriarchal and capitalistic structure assigns them. The present essay affirms that it is evident to note that silence in the plays by Padmanabhan does not consider passivity but take the form of political resistance that is subversive. Upon a close analysis of the particular scenes in these plays and the ones dedicated to the feminist and postcolonial thinking, we witness how Jaya and Leela continue a hypocrisy of global capitalism and middle-class voyeurism, and, therefore, acknowledge its definite feminist orientation of the political consciousness.

Tourism has identified as a major economic driver for majority of the countries in the world as it has a significant effect on the employment rates, foreign exchange earnings and the infrastructure developments. In this highly competitive market, Sri Lanka can be identified as a fascinating case study as it tackles the complex relationships between the destination image, perceived quality, tourist satisfaction and tourist re-visit intention. Moreover, it is essential to understand the factors that influence the tourists’ decision to return to a specific destination due to the high competitiveness of this sector. This study critically aims to identify the impact of destination image, perceived quality on tourist revisit intention mediating the role of tourist satisfaction in Sri Lanka. Data was collected from the international tourists who are visiting the country through a structures questionnaire and a survey measured destination image, perceived quality, tourist satisfaction and the tourist re-visit intention. Data was gathered from both online and offline at hotels, airports and the tourist sites. Siple ransom sampling was used to obtain an unbiased, representative sample. The data were analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS to examine the relationships among the variables. The results showed that the measurement model was reliable and vali and the structural model had a good fit. Destination Image and Perceived Quality had a positive effect on tourist satisfaction and tourist satisfaction strongly influenced tourist re-visit intention. However, destination mage and perceived quality do not directly affect tourist re-visit intention. The study shows that the tourism marketers and policymakers of Sri Lanka need to focus on enhancing the tourist perception about the destination. Hence, Tourist Satisfaction has identified as the main factor that accelerates the tourist intention to return to a particular destination acting as a bridge between the destination image, perceived quality and revisit intention. Therefore, continuous improvements in service and the tourist experience are important for the long-term success of the tourism industry of Sri Lanka.

Outbound Training (OBT) has emerged as a critical experiential learning methodology in management education, yet empirical evidence examining relationships between specific program components and learning outcomes remains limited, particularly in Indian contexts. This study investigates how training venue quality, instructional methods, and trainer competencies influence learning and corporate grooming among postgraduate management students. Through PLS structural equation modeling analysis of survey data from 138 MBA students who participated in structured OBT programs in Hyderabad, India, the research demonstrates that all three training components significantly enhance learning (β = 0.248-0.312, all p < .001), which in turn strongly predicts corporate grooming development (β = 0.425, p < .001). The model explains 48.7% of variance in learning and 65.8% in corporate grooming, with learning serving as a significant mediator. Results reveal partial mediation, indicating training components influence outcomes both directly and through learning processes. Venue and arrangements exhibited the strongest total effect (β = 0.319), followed by training methods (β = 0.293) and trainer competencies (β = 0.263). Findings validate Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory while providing actionable insights for program designers: prioritize quality venues, implement systematic instructional design with structured reflection, and invest in certified trainer development. This study contributes to limited research on OBT effectiveness in Indian management education and demonstrates that properly designed outdoor learning interventions significantly enhance professional competencies valued by employers.

This study investigates the impact of risk-based internal auditing (RBIA) on the effectiveness of risk management in medium-sized enterprises (MEs) within the Delhi-NCR region. Adopting an inferential analytical framework, the research tested three hypotheses to examine the relationship between RBIA adoption, organizational characteristics, audit maturity, and risk management outcomes. Data analysis using correlation and regression confirmed a strong positive relationship between RBIA implementation and the effectiveness of risk management practices. Enterprises with mature internal audit structures demonstrated enhanced capabilities in anticipating and mitigating financial, operational, and compliance risks. The study also found that organizational characteristics such as sectoral type, leadership orientation, and audit resource allocation significantly influence the depth of RBIA adoption, with higher maturity observed in healthcare and financial services compared to manufacturing and logistics sectors. Furthermore, audit maturity emerged as a critical determinant of risk performance, as formalized internal audit frameworks were positively correlated with timeliness of risk mitigation and integration of audit findings into business decisions. Challenges including budgetary limitations, lack of skilled auditors, and resistance to change were identified as impediments to RBIA implementation. The findings contribute to both academic and practical discourse by highlighting the strategic value of RBIA in fostering resilient and forward-looking risk governance cultures in medium enterprises.

The shift to the sustainable development requires new strategies that would solve all three problems at once: environmental degradation and shortage of resources, as well as several social inequalities. In this paper, the author analyzes how principles of a circular economy and social entrepreneurship are converging as a new frontier that has the potential to produce systemic and long-term solutions to these global issues. Whereas the circular economy focuses on regenerative production frameworks, waste reduction, and the re-use of materials over and over again, social entrepreneurship focuses on the mission-driven innovation, empowering communities, and the creation of inclusive value. Collectedly, these frameworks provide a complementary route which balances ecological responsibility against social impact. Based on interdisciplinary sources, the paper will discuss the capacity of circular business models, including product-as-a-service, repair and remanufacturing networks, and community-based resource sharing, to become more effective when implemented within socially entrepreneurial programs. The analysis points out the socially driven business potential to achieve circularity by mobilizing the local stakeholders, promoting a change in behaviour, and aligning the economic incentives with the general welfare. The examples of the cases in the industry demonstrate the fact that this integration not only reduces the environmental strains but also opens the possibility of more jobs to perform, strengthens the local resilience, and leads to even more equal distribution of resources. Some of the biggest barriers that hinder a larger adoption are also revealed in the article as regulations restrictions, a lack of financing and ignorance among the consumer and institutions. To help address these issues, it proposes a package of enabling policies that take the form of cross-sector partnerships, supportive policy frameworks, capacity-building approaches, and mission-specific investment systems. Ultimately, the paper comes to the conclusion that the strategic synergies of a circular economy and social entrepreneurship can be utilized as a transformational driver of sustainable development which has a holistic model of environmental regeneration and inclusive socio-economic innovation.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has established itself as an essential functional and ethical requirement for recommendation and decision support systems to effectively promote sustainable consumption without falling into the trap of algorithmic opacity. Recent empirical evidence, in contrast to traditional "black box" models, demonstrates that adequate explanations not only cultivate user trust, but are a direct factor in improving performance in the execution of decision tasks and willingness to follow recommendations (Senoner et al., 2024). However, the effectiveness of this technology is conditioned by the fidelity, conciseness, and action provided by the explanation (Senoner et al., 2024). At the technical level, the uncritical use of widely disseminated model-agnostic methods, such as SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) or LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations), poses substantial challenges related to the instability and collinearity of variables, which demand a methodological approach that incorporates caution and triangulation (Huang et al., 2024; Letoffe et al., 2025). In the European regulatory context, the confluence of the AI Act and the CSRD/ESRS corporate reporting guidelines establish explicit transparency and traceability obligations, linking algorithmic explainability directly to the organization's governance and accountability standards.

Non-financial resources have taken on a more significant role in the social entrepreneurship process of generating sustainable social values, and social capital has turned out to be one of the most highly demanded and least researched resources in social entrepreneurship. This paper evaluates the functioning of social capital as a type of currency that can help social entrepreneurs to transform resources, create legitimacy, and expand influence in community settings. Based on the theoretical approaches and field-based findings, the analysis will examine three related aspects of social capital bonding, bridging, and linking and examine how each of them plays a role in the formation, development of, and the sustainability of social enterprises. Close-knit groups should have bonding relationships that usually offer trust, volunteer support, and first-stage validation, whereas bridging relationships between different networks bypass barriers to accessing skills, partners, and knowledge. The connection between social capital, which crosses either hierarchical or institutional lines, also increases the capacity of social entrepreneurs to have endorsements and negotiate within policy settings as well as to interact with formal systems. The paper also brings out mechanisms in which community networks work as an alternative economic system in which they can exchange resources where conventional financial capital is constrained. They are collaborating in solving problems, collective work, collective community property, and reputation reciprocity. The research also assesses the problem of too thick networks, reliance on informal networks and the disproportions in distribution of social capital in communities. Offering a conceptual framework that traces the process of transformation of social capital into tangible results, the study demonstrates its strategic value in the process of social enterprise design and sustainability. Finally, the paper suggests that viewing social capital as an acceptable and quantifiable type of currency can empower community-based entrepreneurial theories and inform policymakers and practitioners to create more inclusive social innovation ecosystems.

The digital starting up ecosystem is increasingly becoming grown by women entrepreneurs, but their trajectories, tactics, and limitations are still underrepresented in comparison to their male peers. This paper discusses how women founders engage digital resources, technical competence, and personal resources to develop, grow, and maintain startups in a fast- changing environment of innovation. Using the current literature on gendered entrepreneurship and digital transformation, the study investigates the dynamic between the use of technology, the availability of resources, market inclusion, and the socio-cultural obstacle. The article demonstrates the importance of digital platforms, including e-commerce and fintech as well as cloud-based productivity systems, as essential facilitators of women entrepreneurs due to their ability to reduce barriers to entry, increase networking, as well as provide a flexible way of conducting business. At the same time, the paper mentions such problems as the absence of funding opportunities, biases in the algorithms, gender stereotypes, and unequal access to mentorship and technical training, which still persist. The paper take a mixed-methodology approach, which will entail the application of the secondary sources and synthesized facts of the cases in determining the trends of women using digital literacy, community support system, and creative problem-solving to quit the structural constraints. These have made it clear that technology not only helps in improving the performance of the operations but also enables women to re-brand themselves as being entrepreneurial, diversify their markets other than developing socially responsive business models. The paper however claims that it cannot use digital innovations in balancing the existing disparities between the genders without additional policy and ecosystem designing. The research facilitates the additional knowledge on the digital start up space as an opportunity space and a battleground to women. It ends with a suggestion of a template of enhancing inclusivity by narrow skilling, equitable policies of financing and gender sensitive digital infrastructure which would finally have a more diverse and healthy entrepreneurial system.